![]() Hicks, I: 148-177 Christine de Pizan, The Book of the City of Ladies, trans. Macaulay, II: 243-245 Diogenes Laertius, Lives of the Eminent Philosophers, ed. Socrates occurs twice in medial positions, WBP 728 Fortune 17 twice in final rhyming position, MLT 201 BD 717 and in the prose of the Boece. A stanza on Socrates begins with an apostrophe to the philosopher, whom Fortune could not torment, Fortune 17-24. Socrates, like Anaxagoras and Zeno, suffered because he was brought up in the ways of Lady Philosophy, Bo I, Prosa 3.53-59 Lady Philosophy follows Socrates's judgment that it is not lawful to conceal the truth, Bo I, Prosa 4.157-162. ![]() Chaucer glosses "the heritage of Socrates" as Socrates's doctrine of "felicitee," which the Epicureans and the Stoics seized, Bo I, Prosa 3.29-34. Lady Philosophy says that while Plato lived, Socrates won the victory of "unryghtful deth," Bo I, Prosa 3.26-28. The story of Socrates's life and death appear in RR 5831-5838, which Chaucer knew. The dreamer exhorts the Man in Black to remember how Socrates was steadfast against anything Fortune could do, BD 717-719. Alys of Bath recounts a story about Xantippe, which Jankyn read from his book of wikked wyves, WBP 727-732. The death of Socrates is written in the stars, MLT 197-203. In marked contrast to the antifeminist portrayal of Xantippe, Christine's portrait in The Book of the City of Ladies II.21.1 shows Socrates and Xantippe in loving relationship. Socrates's name was also synonymous with "philosopher." Throughout the Epistle of Othea (1399), Christine de Pizan attributes many philosophical sayings to him not found in classical sources. The confessor tells how Socrates endured the torments of his wicked wife, Confessio Amantis III.640-713. One story appears in Jerome's Epistola adversus Jovinianum (Letter Against Jovinian) I.48 ( PL 23: 278). ![]() The Middle Ages saw the growth of the tradition that Socrates's wife Xantippe was a shrew. Plato's Apology gives an account of the trial his Phaedo relates Socrates's last conversation and his composure in the face of death. Thirty days after his conviction, he drank the hemlock (Diogenes Laertius II.5). He refused to comply and was condemned to death. Socrates was found guilty and sentenced to exile. The latter charge may have been prompted by Alcibiades's arrogance and pranks in Athens's most sacred places. he was charged before the judges with two crimes: denying the gods of the state and corrupting the youth of the city. His method of questioning his fellow citizens and of forcing them to answer their own questions aroused the anger and suspicions of the older generation, and in 399 B.C. He was the first person to apply serious critical and philosophical methods to the examination of the conduct of life and to question the assumptions upon which people based their general conduct. Although his father had been reasonably wealthy, Socrates was later reduced to poverty. SOCRATES, 469-399 B.C., was the son of Sophronius, a stonemason, and his wife Phaenarete. , 1688.SOCRATES Main Menu | List of entries | finished ![]() If you have questions about the collection, please contact If you have concerns about the inclusion of an item in this collection, please contact This statement does not extend to any page images or other supplementary files associated with this work, which may be protected by copyright or other license restrictions. These transcriptions are believed to be in the public domain in the United States however, if you decide to use any of these transcriptions, you are responsible for making your own legal assessment and securing any necessary permission. The University of Michigan Library provides access to these keyboarded and encoded editions of the works for educational and research purposes. The first volume written in Greek, by Diogenes Laertius made English by several hands. The lives, opinions, and remarkable sayings of the most famous ancient philosophers.
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